Consult the Papers file within the Syllabus directory for specific requirements for each section. Also, consult McMillan (1988), Pechenik (1993) and The Council of Biology Editors (1994) as guides for writing scientific papers.

REVIEW PAPERS

Contributors who submit review papers will follow an abbreviated outline of: Title, Abstract, Introduction, and Discussion.  The authors will cite a minimum of 25 sources.

GENERAL: The paper will be left justified with 1" right-left margins and 1" top-bottom margins.

TITLE: The title will be all capitals, bold, 14 point; single-spaced. It will end with a period.

AUTHORS: Author's names will follow the title with bold, 14 point, single-spaced. First name followed by last name in a line with authors separated by a comma. Only the first letters of the authors' names will be capitalized. List of authors will end with a period.

TEAM NAME: The team name will follow the list of authors. It will be in all capitals, bold, 14 point and end with a period.

ABSTRACT: Insert 2 hard returns after the team name, then center abstract in all capitals, bold. Then Bold off and 2 hard returns. The abstract will be no longer than 120 words and will have no citations. It will be single-spaced and a single paragraph.

TEXT OF THE BODY OF THE MANUSCRIPT (INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, AND DISCUSSION). This should be 1.5 spaced, left justified.

SECTION TITLES: Like ABSTRACT, other section titles (i.e. INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, AND LITERATURE CITED) will be centered, all caps, bold. The section title will be a double space below the last paragraph of the preceding section and a double space above the first paragraph of its section. Literature Cited will be the only exception; it should begin a new page (and therefore, preceded by a page break).

SUB-SECTION TITLES: Both the Materials and Methods and the Discussion sections have designated sub-sections (see standard outline). Sub-section titles will be flush left, bold with first letters capitalized. The subtitle will be followed by a dash (-) and will be one double-space above the text of that sub-section.

CITATION: Citation will be embedded within the sentence and will be in the Harvard style (i.e. parenthetical with author and date).

1 author: Holt (1992) or (Holt, 1992)

2 authors: Margulis and Schwartz (1988) or (Margulis and Schwartz, 1988)

>2 authors: Bold et al. (1987) or (Bold et al., 1987)

>1 source cited: (Holt, 1992; Margulis and Schwartz, 1988; and Bold et al., 1987). If the author has published more than one work in a year, and they are cited in the paper, further designate them with small letters after the date. For example, (Holt, 1992a; and Holt, 1992b). All sources cited in the text must be in the Literature Cited section and vice versa.

Tables will be numbered and will be designated by that number (e.g. Table 1). Similarly, Figures will be numbered and will be designated by that number (e.g. Figure 1). The word, Figure, may not be abbreviated to Fig.

SCIENTIFIC NAMES: Genus and species names must be set apart by italics. Higher taxa should not be so treated.

NUMBERS: Do not write out numbers unless they begin a sentence. Use: 1,000, not 1000. Use 0.3, not .3.

ABBREVIATIONS: Do not use periods with common abbreviations such as: cm, l, ml, C, sec, hr, mm. Note that when reporting temperature, you should not use the degree mark. For example, body temperature is around 37C.

FIGURE AND TABLE TITLES: All figures and tables must stand alone. That is, they must have enough information in the title to understand them without having to read the paper. Table titles will be above the tables, and figure titles will be below the figures. All tables or figures must be cited in the text of the paper. They will be single spaced, fully justified.

LITERATURE CITED: The Literature Cited section will be single-spaced. The sources will be in alphabetical order according to the first author. References by a single author precede multiauthored works by the same senior author, regardless of the date. Insert a period and a space after each initial of an author's name. Leave a space between volume and page numbers. Write out journal names in full. Do not abbreviate.

Only the first word and proper nouns will be capitalized in the titles of articles and books. Under the Format menu choose Paragraph. Under indentation, choose hanging by 0.5" for all literature cited entries. DO NOT USE TAB. The entries will be separated by 2 hard returns.